3招轻松推断托福阅读答案

托福考试一个很重要的方面就是考察学生的思维能力，即逻辑性，在很多时候，抓住了阅读文章字里行间的逻辑，就可以轻松排除错误选项，快速地选出正确答案。

　　第一招 把握大基调

　　所谓把握大基调，说白了，就是当作者在讨论一个东西的时候，要先明确褒贬喜恶，到底是在说它的好处还是劣势，这种基调尤其体现在对比之中。

　　举个例子

　　比如阅读原文中有这样这段话：

　　German printers had the disadvantage of working with the complex typeface that the Italians sneeringly referred to as "Gothic" and that later became known as black letter. Outside Germany, readers found this typeface disagreeable. The Italians, on the other hand, had a clear typeface known as roman that became the type of the future.

　　分析

　　不难发现，前面讨论德国的Gothic字体时，出现了disadvantage， sneeringly ，disagreeable这样的字眼，而讨论到意大利的Roman字体时，用了on the other hand这样的对比词。由此可见，大基调是：Gothic不好，Roman好。

　　关于Gothic字体，有这么一道推断题：

　　Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 4 about the “Gothic” typeface used in Germany?

　　A. It was adopted by the Italians when they hired two leading German printers

　　B. It was more difficult to read than roman typeface

　　C. It was easier to print than other styles of typeface

　　D. It was widely popular with international readers

　　掌握大基调后，再看选项，ACD是不是可以轻松地排除了呢?被意大利人嗤之以鼻的字体，自然不会被意大利人使用，人家用的是自己引以为豪的Roman体;文中讨论的是Gothic不好的地方，自然也不会选到easier to print/wildly popular这样的褒义词。不难选出B选项。

　　第二招 抓准逻辑词

　　抓准逻辑词非常关键，它代表了行文结构的逻辑关系，这方面在句子简化题和修辞目的题上尤为重要。因为这两类题型的逻辑性很强，而选项中也会有明显的逻辑词，当抓住逻辑词后，就可以根据逻辑词轻松地排除明显错误的选项，提高做题速度和准确率。

　　拿一个修辞目的题为例：

　　Why does the author provide the information in paragraph 4 that the commercial classes never exceeded 10 percent of the population?

　　A. To argue that the wealth created by the commercial revolution benefited only a small number of people

　　B. To challenge the view that the commercial classes made up a majority of the population of Europe

　　C. To suggest a reason that the commercial revolution ended around A. D. 1300

　　D. To emphasize the point that the commercial revolution was brought about by a small part of the population

　　分析

　　根据10percent定位到文中这段话：

　　In the long run, the commercial revolution of the High Middle Ages (AD 1000-1300) brought about radical change in European society. One remarkable aspect of this change was that the commercial classes constituted a small part of the total population—never more than 10 percent. They exercised an influence far in excess of their numbers.

　　这段话是对commercial revolution 带来的变化的叙述：这一商业改革是由不到10%的人口带来的，这小部分人带来了巨大的影响。

　　这段话基本平铺直叙，没有明显的因果、驳斥，所以回顾选项的时候，只要抓住B和C中的逻辑词challenge the view/suggest a reason就可以直接排除了。再根据commercial revolution与这10%的人的逻辑关系，到底是benefit还是brought about by，选出D选项。

　　第三招 理清文章脉络

　　总结题以及段落修辞目的题考察对整段话或整篇文章的理解，这就要求分析整段话或全篇的结构，这就要抓住各段落的topic sentence以及全篇的thesis statement。

　　再举个例子

　　以TPO49的第三篇阅读为例，有一道修辞目的题问全篇的组织形式：

　　The author presents information in the passage mainly by

　　A. Contrasting the development of industrialism in different countries

　　B. Explaining a new theory about the origins of the Industrial Revolution

　　C. Analyzing the consequences of European industrialism

　　D. Explaining the reasons why industrialism began in Great Britain

　　分析

　　分析全文可知，第一段讨论了工业革命的根源之一是商业革命，二至四段讨论了英国的三个优势，第五段讨论了工业革命的先驱之一——农业革命，第六段接着第五段的内容讨论了圈地运动促进农业发展。

　　由此可见，整篇文章是讨论工业革命发生的背景，其中重点介绍了在英国开展的原因。理清了脉络，就能抓住逻辑了：各段落内容与工业革命是因果关系。而选项中，A: contrast; B: explain a new theory; C: analyzing the consequences 明显与逻辑不符，可以快速地选出D：explaining the reasons。

　　综上所述，抓准托福阅读中的逻辑的技巧就是把握大基调，抓准逻辑词，理清行文脉络。掌握这些技巧，有助于理解文章，更加快速准确地选出答案。